On the vanishing of Ext and Tor

This paper contains two theorems concerning the vanishing of natural transformations of (co)homology functors. Precisely, assume that $R$ is a right noetherian ring and $f: M\rt N$ is a morphism of finitely generated right $R$-modules. The first theorem proves that the natural transformation $\Ext^1(f, -)$ vanishes over the category of finitely generated right $R$-modules if and only if $\Tor_1(f, -)$ vanishes over the category of finitely generated left $R$-modules. As a corollary of this result, we establish that $\Ext^1(f, -)$ is epic if and only if $\Tor_1(f, -)$ is monic. The second theorem shows that if $R$ is left and right noetherian and $M, N$ are Gorenstein projective, then the natural transformations $\Tor_1(f, -)$, $\Ext^1(-, f)$ and $\Ext^1(f, -)$ vanish over the category of finitely generated Gorenstein projective modules, simultaneously. This, in particular, yields that over Gorenstein projective modules, the notions of phantom morphisms and $\Ext$-phantom morphisms coincide. Also, it is proved that if $R$ is $n$-Gorenstein, then for any integer $i>n$, the natural transformations $\Ext^{i}(f, -)$, $\Ext^{i}(-, f)$ and $\Tor_{i}(f, -)$ vanish over finitely generated modules, simultaneously. As an interesting consequence, we show that under the same assumptions, $\Ext^i(-, f)$ is epic (resp. monic) if and only if $\Ext^i(f, -)$ is monic (resp. epic) if and only if $\Tor_i(f, -)$ is epic (resp. monic).