Enhancing the dimensionless figure of merit zT is central to developing better thermoelectric materials and advancing thermoelectric generation technology. However, the intrinsic interdependence between electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity presents a significant challenge. Over time, various strategies have emerged, but the literature remains difficult to navigate due to its widespread distribution across numerous sources. This short review highlights the key approaches to improving zT, offering a clear and concise guide to help researchers understand the major ideas and breakthroughs in the field.