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On the rank of extremal marginal states

Operator Algebras 2026-02-20 v1 Mathematical Physics Functional Analysis math.MP

Abstract

Let ρ1\rho_1 and ρ2\rho_2 be two states on Cd1\mathbb{C}^{d_1} and Cd2\mathbb{C}^{d_2} respectively. The marginal state space, denoted by C(ρ1,ρ2)\mathcal{C}(\rho_1,\rho_2), is the set of all states ρ\rho on Cd1Cd2\mathbb{C}^{d_1}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{d_2} with partial traces ρ1,ρ2\rho_1, \rho_2. K. R. Parthasarathy established that if ρ\rho is an extreme point of C(ρ1,ρ2)\mathcal{C}(\rho_1,\rho_2), then the rank of ρ\rho does not exceed d12+d221\sqrt{d_1^2+d_2^2-1}. Rudolph posed a question regarding the tightness of this bound. In 2010, Ohno gave an affirmative answer by providing examples in low-dimensional matrix algebras M3\mathbb{M}_3 and M4\mathbb{M}_4. This article aims to provide a positive answer to the Rudolph question in various matrix algebras. Our approaches, to obtain the extremal marginal states with tight upper bound, are based on Choi-Jamio\l kowski isomorphism and tensor product of extreme points.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.10041,
  title  = {On the rank of extremal marginal states},
  author = {Repana Devendra and Pankaj Dey and Santanu Dey},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.10041},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

20 pages. Comments are welcome