English

On the number of permutation-twisted dot products

Combinatorics 2026-02-27 v3

Abstract

Let K\mathbb{K} be a field of characteristic 00. For each choice of distinct a1,,anKa_1, \ldots, a_n\in \mathbb{K} and distinct b1,,bnKb_1, \ldots, b_n\in \mathbb{K}, consider the sum S=i=1naibπ(i)S=\sum_{i=1}^n a_i b_{\pi(i)} as π\pi ranges over the permutations of [n][n]. We show that this sum always assumes at least Ω(n3)\Omega(n^3) distinct values. This ``support'' bound, which is optimal up to the value of the implicit constant, complements recent work of Do, Nguyen, Phan, Tran, and Vu, and of Hunter, Pohoata, and Zhu on the anticoncentration properties of SS when a1,,an,b1,,bna_1,\ldots,a_n,b_1,\ldots,b_n are real and π\pi is chosen uniformly at random.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.15276,
  title  = {On the number of permutation-twisted dot products},
  author = {Ruben Carpenter and Colin Defant and Noah Kravitz},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.15276},
  year   = {2026}
}

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7 pages