On the Nonexistence of Global Solutions for Nonlocal Parabolic Equations with Forcing Terms

The purpose of this work is to analyze the well-posedness and blow-up behavior of solutions to the nonlocal semilinear parabolic equation with a forcing term: $$\partial_t u - \Delta u = \|u(t)\|_{q}^\alpha |u|^p + t^{\varrho} \mathbf{w}(x) \quad \text{in} \quad \mathbb{R}^N \times (0, \infty),$$ where $N \geq 1$, $p, q \geq 1$, $\alpha \geq 0$, $\varrho > -1$, and $\mathbf{w}(x)$ is a suitably given continuous function. The novelty of this work, compared to previous studies, lies in considering a nonlocal nonlinearity $\|u(t)\|_{q}^\alpha |u|^p$ and a forcing term $t^{\varrho} \mathbf{w}(x)$ that depend on both time and space variables. This combination introduces new challenges in understanding the interplay between the nonlocal structure of the equation and the spatio-temporal forcing term. Under appropriate assumptions, we establish the global existence of solutions for small initial data in Lebesgue spaces when the exponent $p$ exceeds a critical value. In contrast, we show that the global existence cannot hold for $p$ below this critical value, provided the additional condition $\int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \mathbf{w}(x) \, dx > 0$ is satisfied. The main challenge in this analysis lies in managing the complex interaction between the nonlocal nonlinearity and the forcing term, which significantly influences the behavior of solutions.