On a supercongruence conjecture of Z.-W. Sun

In this paper, we partly prove a supercongruence conjectured by Z.-W. Sun in 2013. Let $p$ be an odd prime and let $a\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$. Then if $p\equiv1\pmod3$, we have \begin{align*} \sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor\frac{5}6p^a\rfloor}\frac{\binom{2k}k}{16^k}\equiv\left(\frac{3}{p^a}\right)\pmod{p^2}, \end{align*} where $\left(\frac{\cdot}{\cdot}\right)$ is the Jacobi symbol.