English

Nodal count for a random signing of a graph with disjoint cycles

Mathematical Physics 2024-03-05 v1 math.MP Spectral Theory

Abstract

Let GG be a simple, connected graph on nn vertices, and further assume that GG has disjoint cycles. Let hh be a real symmetric matrix supported on GG (for example, a discrete Schr\"odinger operator). The eigenvalues of hh are ordered increasingly, λ1λn\lambda_1 \le \cdots \le \lambda_n, and if ϕ\phi is the eigenvector corresponding to λk\lambda_k, the nodal (edge) count ν(h,k)\nu(h,k) is the number of edges (rs)(rs) such that hrsϕrϕs>0 h_{rs}\phi_{r}\phi_{s}>0. The nodal surplus is σ(h,k)=ν(h,k)(k1)\sigma(h,k)= \nu(h,k) - (k-1). Let hh' be a random signing of hh, that is a real symmetric matrix obtained from hh by changing the sign of some of its off-diagonal elements. If hh satisfies a certain generic condition, we show for each kk that the nodal surplus has a binomial distribution σ(h,k)Bin(β,12)\sigma(h',k)\sim Bin(\beta,\frac{1}{2}). Part of the proof follows ideas developed by the first author together with Ram Band and Gregory Berkolaiko in a joint unpublished project studying a similar question on quantum graphs.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2403.01033,
  title  = {Nodal count for a random signing of a graph with disjoint cycles},
  author = {Lior Alon and Mark Goresky},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.01033},
  year   = {2024}
}