English

New HDE models with higher derivatives of the Hubble parameter $H$

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2025-10-14 v6

Abstract

In this work, we investigate two Dark Energy (DE) models characterized by higher-order derivatives of the Hubble parameter HH, which generalize previously proposed DE scenarios. Assuming a power-law form of the scale factor a(t)a(t) given by a(t)=b0tna(t)=b_0t^n, we derive analytical expressions for the DE energy density, pressure, the Equation of State (EoS) parameter, the deceleration parameter and the evolutionary form of the fractional DE density. Both non-interacting and interacting dark sector frameworks are examined, with the interaction modeled through a coupling term proportional to the Dark Matter (DM) energy density. For specific parameter sets corresponding to power-law indices n=2n=2, n=3n=3, and n=4n=4, we compute the present age of the Universe. The values obtained slightly deviate from the observationally inferred age of 13.8\approx 13.8 Gyr; moreover, a systematic trend is identified, with larger nn leading to higher ages. Furthermore, interacting scenarios consistently predict larger ages compared to their non-interacting counterparts. These results highlight the phenomenological viability and limitations of higher-derivative DE models in describing the cosmic evolution.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.12284,
  title  = {New HDE models with higher derivatives of the Hubble parameter $H$},
  author = {Antonio Pasqua},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.12284},
  year   = {2025}
}