English

Nested ideals and topologically $\mathbf u_\mathcal I$-torsion elements of the circle group

General Topology 2025-05-07 v1 Group Theory

Abstract

Let u=(un)nN\mathbf u=(u_n)_{n\in\mathbb N} be a sequence in N+\mathbb N_+ with u0=1u_0=1 and unun+1u_n\mid u_{n+1} for every nNn\in\mathbb N, and let bn:=un+1/unb_n:=u_{n+1}/u_n for every nN+n\in\mathbb N_+. For every r[0,1)r\in [0,1), there exists a unique sequence (cn)nN+(c_n)_{n\in\mathbb N_+} in N\mathbb N such that r=n=1cnunr= \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{c_n}{u_n}, with cn<bnc_n<b_n for every nN+n\in\mathbb N_+, and cn<bn1c_n<b_n-1 for infinitely many nN+n\in\mathbb N_+; let supp(r):={nN+:cn0}\mathrm{supp}(r):=\{n\in\mathbb N_+: c_n\neq0\} and suppb(r):={nN+:cn=bn1}\mathrm{supp}_b(r):=\{n\in\mathbb N_+: c_n = b_n-1\}. For x=r+ZTx=r+\mathbb Z\in \mathbb T, let supp(x)=supp(r)\mathrm{supp}(x) = \mathrm{supp}(r) and suppb(x)=suppb(r)\mathrm{supp}_b(x) = \mathrm{supp}_b(r). For an ideal I\mathcal I of N\mathbb N, an element xx of the circle group T\mathbb T is called a topologically uI\mathbf u_\mathcal I-torsion element of T\mathbb T if unxu_nx I\mathcal I-converges to 00, that is, {nN:unx∉U}I\{n\in \mathbb N: u_nx \not \in U\}\in \mathcal I for every neighborhood UU of 00 in T\mathbb T. In this paper, under suitable conditions on the ideal I\mathcal I, we completely describe the uI\mathbf u_\mathcal I-torsion elements xx of T\mathbb T with limnsupp(x)bn=\lim_{n\in\mathrm{supp}(x)}b_n=\infty and those with {bn:nsupp(x)}\{b_n:n\in\mathrm{supp}(x)\} bounded. According to Corollary 2.12 in [A. Ghosh, Ric. Mat. 73 (2024), 2263--2281], an element xTx \in\mathbb T with {bn:nsupp(x)}\{b_n:n\in\mathrm{supp}(x)\} bounded is topologically uI\mathbf u_\mathcal I-torsion if and only if supp(x)+1supp(x)I\mathrm{supp}(x)+1\setminus \mathrm{supp}(x)\in \mathcal I and supp(x)suppb(x)I\mathrm{supp}(x) \setminus \mathrm{supp}_b(x) \in \mathcal I. We characterize the ideals I\mathcal I of N\mathbb N, naming them nested, such that this equivalence holds and we provide examples of non-nested ideals I\mathcal I that satisfy the above mentioned suitable conditions, so that the equivalence claimed by Ghosh fails for those I\mathcal I.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2505.03548,
  title  = {Nested ideals and topologically $\mathbf u_\mathcal I$-torsion elements of the circle group},
  author = {R. Di santo and D. Dikranjan and A. Giordano Bruno and H. Weber},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.03548},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T23:23:01.334Z