English

Element-wise description of the $\mathcal I$-characterized subgroups of the circle

General Topology 2025-05-01 v1 Group Theory

Abstract

According to Cartan, given an ideal I\mathcal I of N\mathbb N, a sequence (xn)nN(x_n)_{n\in\mathbb N} in the circle group T\mathbb T is said to {\em I\mathcal I-converge} to a point xTx\in \mathbb T if {nN:xn∉U}I\{n\in \mathbb N: x_n \not \in U\}\in \mathcal I for every neighborhood UU of xx in T\mathbb T. For a sequence u=(un)nN\mathbf u=(u_n)_{n\in\mathbb N} in Z\mathbb Z, let tuI(T):={xT:unx I-converges to 0}.t_{\mathbf u}^\mathcal I(\mathbb T) :=\{x\in \mathbb T: u_nx \ \text{$\mathcal I$-converges to}\ 0 \}. This set is a Borel (hence, Polishable) subgroup of T\mathbb T with many nice properties, largely studied in the case when I=Fin\mathcal I = \mathcal F in is the ideal of all finite subsets of N\mathbb N (so Fin\mathcal F in-convergence coincides with the usual one) for its remarkable connection to topological algebra, descriptive set theory and harmonic analysis. We give a complete element-wise description of tuI(T)t_{\mathbf u}^\mathcal I(\mathbb T) when unun+1u_n\mid u_{n+1} for every nNn\in\mathbb N and under suitable hypotheses on I\mathcal I. In the special case when I=Fin\mathcal I =\mathcal F in, we obtain an alternative proof of a simplified version of a known result.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2504.21642,
  title  = {Element-wise description of the $\mathcal I$-characterized subgroups of the circle},
  author = {Raffaele Di Santo and Dikran Dikranjan and Anna Giordano Bruno and Hans Weber},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.21642},
  year   = {2025}
}