English

Near-bipartite Leonard pairs

Rings and Algebras 2023-04-12 v1

Abstract

Let \F\F denote a field, and let VV denote a vector space over \F\F with finite positive dimension. A Leonard pair on VV is an ordered pair of diagonalizable \F\F-linear maps A:VVA: V \to V and A:VVA^* : V \to V that each act on an eigenbasis for the other in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion. Let A,AA,A^* denote a Leonard pair on VV. Let {vi}i=0d\{v_i\}_{i=0}^d denote an eigenbasis for AA^* on which AA acts in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion. For 0id0 \leq i \leq d define an \F\F-linear map Ei:VVE^*_i : V \to V such that Eivi=viE^*_i v_i = v_i and Eivj=0E^*_i v_j = 0 if jij \neq i (0jd)(0 \leq j \leq d). The map F=i=0dEiAEiF = \sum_{i=0}^d E^*_i A E^*_i is called the flat part of AA. The Leonard pair A,AA,A^* is bipartite whenever F=0F=0. The Leonard pair A,AA,A^* is said to be near-bipartite whenever the pair AF,AA-F, A^* is a Leonard pair on VV. In this case, the Leonard pair AF,AA-F, A^* is bipartite, and called the bipartite contraction of A,AA,A^*. Let B,BB,B^* denote a bipartite Leonard pair on VV. By a near-bipartite expansion of B,BB,B^* we mean a near-bipartite Leonard pair on VV with bipartite contraction B,BB,B^*. In the present paper we have three goals. Assuming \F\F is algebraically closed, (i) we classify up to isomorphism the near-bipartite Leonard pairs over \F\F; (ii) for each near-bipartite Leonard pair over \F\F we describe its bipartite contraction; (iii) for each bipartite Leonard pair over \F\F we describe its near-bipartite expansions.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2304.04965,
  title  = {Near-bipartite Leonard pairs},
  author = {Kazumasa Nomura and Paul Terwilliger},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.04965},
  year   = {2023}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T09:58:48.005Z