English

Mitigating Bad Ground Truth in Supervised Machine Learning based Crop Classification: A Multi-Level Framework with Sentinel-2 Images

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2025-03-18 v1 Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning

Abstract

In agricultural management, precise Ground Truth (GT) data is crucial for accurate Machine Learning (ML) based crop classification. Yet, issues like crop mislabeling and incorrect land identification are common. We propose a multi-level GT cleaning framework while utilizing multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data to address these issues. Specifically, this framework utilizes generating embeddings for farmland, clustering similar crop profiles, and identification of outliers indicating GT errors. We validated clusters with False Colour Composite (FCC) checks and used distance-based metrics to scale and automate this verification process. The importance of cleaning the GT data became apparent when the models were trained on the clean and unclean data. For instance, when we trained a Random Forest model with the clean GT data, we achieved upto 70\% absolute percentage points higher for the F1 score metric. This approach advances crop classification methodologies, with potential for applications towards improving loan underwriting and agricultural decision-making.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.11807,
  title  = {Mitigating Bad Ground Truth in Supervised Machine Learning based Crop Classification: A Multi-Level Framework with Sentinel-2 Images},
  author = {Sanayya A and Amoolya Shetty and Abhijeet Sharma and Venkatesh Ravichandran and Masthan Wali Gosuvarapalli and Sarthak Jain and Priyamvada Nanjundiah and Ujjal Kr Dutta and Divya Sharma},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.11807},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Accepted In IEEE India Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (InGARSS) 2024

R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:21:14.102Z