English

Minimally tough series-parallel graphs with toughness at least $1/2$

Combinatorics 2025-12-02 v1 Discrete Mathematics

Abstract

Let tt be a positive real number. A graph is called \emph{tt-tough} if the removal of any vertex set SS that disconnects the graph leaves at most S/t|S|/t components. The toughness of a graph is the largest tt for which the graph is tt-tough. A graph is minimally tt-tough if the toughness of the graph is tt, and the deletion of any edge from the graph decreases the toughness. Series--parallel graphs are graphs with two distinguished vertices called terminals, formed recursively by two simple composition operations, series and parallel joins. They can be used to model series and parallel electric circuits. We characterize the minimally tt-tough series-parallel graphs for all t1/2t\ge 1/2. It is clear that there is no minimally tt-tough series-parallel graph if t>1t>1. We show that for 1t>1/21\ge t >1/2, most of the series-parallel graphs with toughness tt are minimally tt-tough, but most of the series-parallel graphs with toughness 1/21/2 are not minimally 1/21/2-tough.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.01905,
  title  = {Minimally tough series-parallel graphs with toughness at least $1/2$},
  author = {Gyula Y. Katona and Humara Khan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.01905},
  year   = {2025}
}