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Lower Bounds for the Pfaffian Number of Graphs

Combinatorics 2026-03-03 v1 Discrete Mathematics

Abstract

The number of perfect matchings of a kk-pfaffian graph can be counted by computing a linear combination of the pfaffians of kk matrices. The pfaffian number of a graph GG is the smallest integer kk such that GG is kk-pfaffian. We present the first known lower bounds for the pfaffian number of graphs. As an intermediate step, we prove an upper bound for the rank of two matrices related to their Khatri-Rao product, a result of independent relevance. One of the consequences of these results is the existence of graphs whose pfaffian numbers are arbitrarily large.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.00334,
  title  = {Lower Bounds for the Pfaffian Number of Graphs},
  author = {Enrique Junchaya and Alberto Alexandre Assis Miranda and Cláudio L. Lucchesi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.00334},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

14 pages, 3 figures. Submitted