Lipschitz and Triebel--Lizorkin spaces, commutators in Dunkl setting

We first study the Lipschitz spaces $\Lambda_{d}^\beta$ associated with the Dunkl metric, $\beta\in(0,1)$, and prove that it is a proper subspace of the classical Lipschitz spaces $\Lambda^\beta$ on $\mathbb R^N$, as the Dunkl metric and the Euclidean metric are non-equivalent. Next, we further show that the Lipschitz spaces $\Lambda^\beta$ connects to the Triebel--Lizorkin spaces $\dot{ F}^{\alpha,q}_{p,{\rm D}}$ associated with the Dunkl Laplacian $\triangle_{\rm D}$ in $\mathbb R^ N$ and to the commutators of the Dunkl Riesz transform and the fractional Dunkl Laplacian $\triangle_{\rm D}^{-\alpha/2}$, $0<\alpha<\textbf{N}$ (the homogeneous dimension for Dunkl measure), which is represented via the functional calculus of the Dunkl heat semigroup $e^{-t\triangle_{\rm D}}$. The key steps in this paper are a finer decomposition of the underlying space via Dunkl metric and Euclidean metric to bypass the use of Fourier analysis, and a discrete weak-type Calder\'on reproducing formula in these new Triebel--Lizorkin spaces $\dot{ F}^{\alpha,q}_{p,{\rm D}}$.