English

Kneser's Theorem in $\sigma$-finite Abelian groups

Number Theory 2021-01-06 v2 Group Theory

Abstract

Let GG be a σ\sigma-finite abelian group, i.e. G=n1GnG=\bigcup_{n\geq 1} G_n where (Gn)n1(G_n)_{n\geq 1} is a non decreasing sequence of finite subgroups. For any AGA\subset G, let d(A):=lim infnAGnGn\underline{\mathrm{d}}(A):=\liminf_{n\to\infty}\frac{|A\cap G_n|}{|G_n|} be its lower asymptotic density. We show that for any subsets AA and BB of GG, whenever d(A+B)<d(A)+d(B)\underline{\mathrm{d}}(A+B)<\underline{\mathrm{d}}(A)+\underline{\mathrm{d}}(B), the sumset A+BA+B must be periodic, that is, a union of translates of a subgroup HGH\leq G of finite index. This is exactly analogous to Kneser's theorem regarding the density of infinite sets of integers. Further, we show similar statements for the upper asymptotic density in the case where A=±BA=\pm B. An analagous statement had already been proven by Griesmer in the very general context of countable abelian groups, but the present paper provides a much simpler argument specifically tailored for the setting of σ\sigma-finite abelian groups. This argument relies on an appeal to another theorem of Kneser, namely the one regarding finite sumsets in an abelian group.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1911.07745,
  title  = {Kneser's Theorem in $\sigma$-finite Abelian groups},
  author = {Pierre-Yves Bienvenu and François Hennecart},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.07745},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

Second version corrects erroneous statements regarding upper asymptotic or Banach density and includes a reference to an earlier work of Griesmer