InAs-Al Hybrid Devices Passing the Topological Gap Protocol
Abstract
We present measurements and simulations of semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure devices that are consistent with the observation of topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes. The devices are fabricated from high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases in which quasi-one-dimensional wires are defined by electrostatic gates. These devices enable measurements of local and non-local transport properties and have been optimized via extensive simulations to ensure robustness against non-uniformity and disorder. Our main result is that several devices, fabricated according to the design's engineering specifications, have passed the topological gap protocol defined in Pikulin et al. [arXiv:2103.12217]. This protocol is a stringent test composed of a sequence of three-terminal local and non-local transport measurements performed while varying the magnetic field, semiconductor electron density, and junction transparencies. Passing the protocol indicates a high probability of detection of a topological phase hosting Majorana zero modes as determined by large-scale disorder simulations. Our experimental results are consistent with a quantum phase transition into a topological superconducting phase that extends over several hundred millitesla in magnetic field and several millivolts in gate voltage, corresponding to approximately one hundred micro-electron-volts in Zeeman energy and chemical potential in the semiconducting wire. These regions feature a closing and re-opening of the bulk gap, with simultaneous zero-bias conductance peaks at both ends of the devices that withstand changes in the junction transparencies. The extracted maximum topological gaps in our devices are 20-60 eV. This demonstration is a prerequisite for experiments involving fusion and braiding of Majorana zero modes.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2207.02472,
title = {InAs-Al Hybrid Devices Passing the Topological Gap Protocol},
author = {Morteza Aghaee and Arun Akkala and Zulfi Alam and Rizwan Ali and Alejandro Alcaraz Ramirez and Mariusz Andrzejczuk and Andrey E Antipov and Pavel Aseev and Mikhail Astafev and Bela Bauer and Jonathan Becker and Srini Boddapati and Frenk Boekhout and Jouri Bommer and Esben Bork Hansen and Tom Bosma and Leo Bourdet and Samuel Boutin and Philippe Caroff and Lucas Casparis and Maja Cassidy and Anna Wulf Christensen and Noah Clay and William S Cole and Fabiano Corsetti and Ajuan Cui and Paschalis Dalampiras and Anand Dokania and Gijs de Lange and Michiel de Moor and Juan Carlos Estrada Saldaña and Saeed Fallahi and Zahra Heidarnia Fathabad and John Gamble and Geoff Gardner and Deshan Govender and Flavio Griggio and Ruben Grigoryan and Sergei Gronin and Jan Gukelberger and Sebastian Heedt and Jesús Herranz Zamorano and Samantha Ho and Ulrik Laurens Holgaard and William Hvidtfelt Padkær Nielsen and Henrik Ingerslev and Peter Jeppesen Krogstrup and Linda Johansson and Jeffrey Jones and Ray Kallaher and Farhad Karimi and Torsten Karzig and Evelyn King and Maren Elisabeth Kloster and Christina Knapp and Dariusz Kocon and Jonne Koski and Pasi Kostamo and Mahesh Kumar and Tom Laeven and Thorvald Larsen and Kongyi Li and Tyler Lindemann and Julie Love and Roman Lutchyn and Michael Manfra and Elvedin Memisevic and Chetan Nayak and Bas Nijholt and Morten Hannibal Madsen and Signe Markussen and Esteban Martinez and Robert McNeil and Andrew Mullally and Jens Nielsen and Anne Nurmohamed and Eoin O'Farrell and Keita Otani and Sebastian Pauka and Karl Petersson and Luca Petit and Dima Pikulin and Frank Preiss and Marina Quintero Perez and Katrine Rasmussen and Mohana Rajpalke and Davydas Razmadze and Outi Reentila and David Reilly and Richard Rouse and Ivan Sadovskyy and Lauri Sainiemi and Sydney Schreppler and Vadim Sidorkin and Amrita Singh and Shilpi Singh and Sarat Sinha and Patrick Sohr and Tomaš Stankevič and Lieuwe Stek and Henri Suominen and Judith Suter and Vicky Svidenko and Sam Teicher and Mine Temuerhan and Nivetha Thiyagarajah and Raj Tholapi and Mason Thomas and Emily Toomey and Shivendra Upadhyay and Ivan Urban and Saulius Vaitiekėnas and Kevin Van Hoogdalem and Dmitrii V. Viazmitinov and Steven Waddy and David Van Woerkom and Dominik Vogel and John Watson and Joseph Weston and Georg W. Winkler and Chung Kai Yang and Sean Yau and Daniel Yi and Emrah Yucelen and Alex Webster and Roland Zeisel and Ruichen Zhao},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.02472},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
Final version