English

Ideal random quantum circuits pass the LXEB test

Quantum Physics 2026-02-27 v1

Abstract

We show that noiseless random quantum circuits pass the linear cross-entropy benchmark (LXEB) test with high probability. If the circuits are linear depth, and thus form unitary 4-designs, the LXEB test is passed with probability 1O(1/k)1-O(1/\sqrt{k}), where kk is the number of independently drawn samples from the output distribution of the random circuit. If the circuits are of depth O~(n2)\tilde O(n^2), and thus form unitary nn-designs, the LXEB test is passed with probability 1O(eklog(n)/n)1-O(e^{-k \log(n)/n}). In proving our results, we show strong concentration of the random circuit collision probability at linear depth and establish that the tails of the distribution of random circuit output probabilities start to resemble Porter-Thomas at near-quadratic depths. Our analysis employs higher moments and high-degree approximate designs.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.22692,
  title  = {Ideal random quantum circuits pass the LXEB test},
  author = {Nicholas Hunter-Jones and Jonas Haferkamp},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.22692},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

20 pages, no figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:53:25.517Z