English

How fast does the range of simple random walk grow?

Probability 2026-02-20 v2

Abstract

Consider a discrete-time simple random walk (Xt)t0(X_t)_{t\ge 0} on an infinite, connected, locally finite graph GG. Let Rt:={X0,,Xt}R_t := |\{X_0,\dots,X_t\}| denote its range at time tt, and Tn:=inf{t0:Rt=n}T_n:=\inf\{t\ge 0: R_t= n\} the nn-th discovery time. We establish a general estimate on E[Tn]\mathbb E[T_n] in terms of two coarse geometric parameters of GG, and deduce the universal bounds E[Tn]4n3logn\mathbb E[T_n]\le 4n^3\log n and E[Rt](t/logt)1/3\mathbb E[R_t]\gtrsim (t/\log t)^{1/3}. Moreover, we show that this is essentially sharp by constructing a multi-scale version of Feige's Lollipop graph satisfying E[Tn]n3\mathbb E[T_n]\gtrsim n^{3} for all dyadic integers nn. In light of this example, we ask whether the existence of \emph{trapping phases} where the range grows sub-diffusively necessarily implies the existence of \emph{expanding phases} where it grows super-diffusively. Finally, we provide a simple \emph{uniform transience} condition under which the expected range grows linearly, and conjecture that all vertex-nonamenable graphs exhibit linear range.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.11051,
  title  = {How fast does the range of simple random walk grow?},
  author = {Itai Benjamini and Justin Salez},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.11051},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

8 pages and 1 figure; comments welcome!

R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:32:12.578Z