English

Historic behaviour vs. physical measures for irrational flows with multiple stopping points

Dynamical Systems 2022-05-04 v2

Abstract

We study Birkhoff averages along trajectories of smooth reparameterizations of irrational linear flows of the two torus with two stopping points, say p\mathbf p and q\mathbf q, of quadratic order. The limiting behaviour of such averages is independent of the starting point in a set of full Haar-Lebesgue measure and depends in an intricate way on the Diophantine properties of both the slope α\alpha of the linear flow as well as the relative position of p\mathbf p and q\mathbf q. In particular, if α\alpha is Diophantine, then Birkhoff limits diverge almost everywhere (historic behaviour) and if α\alpha is sufficiently Liouville, then there exists some p\mathbf p and q\mathbf q such that the Birkhoff averages converge almost everywhere (unique physical measure).

Cite

@article{arxiv.2010.08945,
  title  = {Historic behaviour vs. physical measures for irrational flows with multiple stopping points},
  author = {Martin Andersson and Pierre-Antoine Guihéneuf},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.08945},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

53 pages, 10 figures v2: some typos fixed and 2 figures added

R2 v1 2026-06-23T19:25:38.835Z