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Highly Nondegenerate Entangled Photon Source for Fiber-Based Quantum Key Distribution

Quantum Physics 2025-12-15 v1

Abstract

Entangled photon sources (EPSs) are essential building blocks for scalable quantum communication and quantum key distribution (QKD). We present a stable, highly nondegenerate EPS based on type-0 spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a crossed-crystal configuration, generating photon pairs at 680~nm and 1550~nm when pumped by a 473~nm laser. This wavelength combination, reported here for the first time, simultaneously benefits from the peak detection efficiency of the most of the Si-SPADs in the visible/near-infrared spectral range and the low-loss fiber transmission of the telecom C-band. This configuration provides the most favorable balance between performance and cost for detection using Si-SPADs and InGaAs detectors. The source exhibits a measured spectral bandwidth of 300~GHz, corresponding to a spectral brightness of up to 1.9×1031.9\times 10^3~pairs~s1^{-1}~mW1^{-1}~GHz1^{-1}. Heralding efficiencies reach 18~\% (signal) and 34~\% (idler) with Si-SPAD and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) detection. The entangled state achieves visibilities of (97.3±1.0)%(97.3\pm 1.0)\,\% in the H/V basis and (94.9±1.6)%(94.9\pm1.6)\,\% in the D/A basis, yielding a fidelity of (96.1±1.3)%\geq(96.1\pm1.3)\,\%. These results establish the presented EPS as a practical wavelength-hybrid platform for fiber-based QKD and emerging long-haul quantum network architectures.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.11630,
  title  = {Highly Nondegenerate Entangled Photon Source for Fiber-Based Quantum Key Distribution},
  author = {Vasile-Laurentiu Dosan and Alek Lagarrigue and Alessandro Zannotti and Tushar Parab and Yannick Folwill and Fabian Steinlechner and Oliver de Vries},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.11630},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:22:21.195Z