English

Higher-order identities for balancing numbers

Number Theory 2016-08-23 v1

Abstract

Let BnB_n be the nn-th balancing number. In this paper, we give some explicit expressions of l=02r3(1)l(2r3l)j1++jr=n2lj1,,jr1Bj1Bjr\sum_{l=0}^{2 r-3}(-1)^l\binom{2 r-3}{l}\sum_{j_1+\cdots+j_r=n-2 l\atop j_1,\dots,j_r\ge 1}B_{j_1}\cdots B_{j_r} and j1++jr=nj1,,jr1Bj1Bjr\sum_{j_1+\cdots+j_r=n\atop j_1,\dots,j_r\ge 1}B_{j_1}\cdots B_{j_r}. We also consider the convolution identities with binomial coefficients: k1++kr=nk1,,kr1(nk1,,kr)Bk1Bkr \sum_{k_1+\cdots+k_r=n\atop k_1,\dots,k_r\ge 1}\binom{n}{k_1,\dots,k_r}B_{k_1}\cdots B_{k_r} This type can be generalized, so that BnB_n is a special case of the number unu_n, where un=aun1+bun2u_n=a u_{n-1}+b u_{n-2} (n2n\ge 2) with u0=0u_0=0 and u1=1u_1=1.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1608.05925,
  title  = {Higher-order identities for balancing numbers},
  author = {Takao Komatsu and Prasanta Kumar Ray},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.05925},
  year   = {2016}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-22T15:25:29.767Z