Good Locally Testable Codes with Small Alphabet and Small Query Size

Ben-Sasson, Goldreich and Sudan showed that a binary error correcting code admitting a $2$-query tester cannot be good, i.e., it cannot have both linear distance and positive rate. The same holds when the alphabet is a finite field $\mathbb{F}$, the code is $\mathbb{F}$-linear, and the $2$-query tester is $\mathbb{F}$-linear. We show that those are essentially the only limitations on the existence of good locally testable codes (LTCs). That is, there are good $2$-query LTCs on any alphabet with more than $2$ letters, and good $3$-query LTCs with a binary alphabet. Similarly, there are good $3$-query $\mathbb{F}$-linear LTCs, and for every $\mathbb{F}$-vector space $V$ of dimension greater than $1$, there are good $2$-query LTCs with alphabet $V$ whose tester is $\mathbb{F}$-linear. This completely solves, for every $q\geq 2$ and alphabet (resp. $\mathbb{F}$-vector space) $\Sigma$, the question of whether there is a good $q$-query LTC (resp. $\mathbb{F}$-LTC) with alphabet $\Sigma$. Our proof builds on the recent good $2$-query $\mathbb{F}$-LTCs of the first author and Kaufman, by establishing a general method for reducing the alphabet size of a low-query LTC.