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Global Behavior of Solutions to Two Classes of Second Order Rational Difference Equations

Dynamical Systems 2008-12-18 v1

Abstract

For nonnegative real numbers α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma, AA, BB and CC such that B+C>0B+C>0 and α+β+γ>0\alpha+\beta+\gamma >0, the difference equation \begin{equation*} x_{n+1}=\displaystyle\frac{\alpha +\beta x_{n}+\gamma x_{n-1}}{A+B x_{n}+C x_{n-1}}, \quad n=0,1,2,... %, \quad x_{-1},x_{0}\in [0,\infty) \end{equation*} has a unique positive equilibrium. A proof is given here for the following statements: \medskip \noindent Theorem 1. {\it For every choice of positive parameters α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma, AA, BB and CC, all solutions to the difference equation \begin{equation*} x_{n+1}=\displaystyle\frac{\alpha +\beta x_{n}+\gamma x_{n-1}}{A+B x_{n}+C x_{n-1}}, \quad n=0,1,2,..., \quad x_{-1},x_{0}\in [0,\infty) \end{equation*} converge to the positive equilibrium or to a prime period-two solution.} \medskip \noindent Theorem 2. {\it For every choice of positive parameters α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma, AA, BB and CC, all solutions to the difference equation \begin{equation*} x_{n+1}= \displaystyle\frac{\alpha +\beta x_{n}+\gamma x_{n-1}}{B x_{n}+C x_{n-1}}, \quad n=0,1,2,..., \quad x_{-1},x_{0}\in (0,\infty) \end{equation*} converge to the positive equilibrium or to a prime period-two solution.}

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.0812.3385,
  title  = {Global Behavior of Solutions to Two Classes of Second Order Rational Difference Equations},
  author = {Sukanya Basu and Orlando Merino},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0812.3385},
  year   = {2008}
}

Comments

23 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-21T11:53:18.845Z