We present a proof based on SEIR-models that shows it is impossible to identify the level of under reporting based on traditional observables of the disease dynamics alone. This means that the true attack rate must be determined through other means.
@article{arxiv.2301.10662,
title = {Fundamental Lack of Information in Observed Disease and Hospitalization Data},
author = {Adam Mielke and Lasse Engbo Christiansen},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.10662},
year = {2023}
}