English

Faithful real embedding of a three-dimensional complex Kochen-Specker configuration

Quantum Physics 2026-01-26 v2

Abstract

We describe a phase-adjusted realification procedure that embeds any finite set of rays in C^3 into R^3. By assigning an appropriate phase to each ray before applying the standard coordinate-wise map, we can arrange that two rays are orthogonal in C^3 if and only if their images are orthogonal in R^6, so the construction yields a faithful orthogonal representation of the original complex configuration. As a concrete example, we consider the 165 projectively distinct rays used in a C^3 Kochen-Specker configuration obtained from mutually unbiased bases, list these 165 rays explicitly in C^3, and give for each of them its image in R^6 under the canonical realification map. We also note that, because the original 3-element contexts are no longer maximal in R^6, the embedded configuration admits two-valued states even though its realisation with maximal contexts in C^3 is Kochen-Specker uncolourable.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2511.17223,
  title  = {Faithful real embedding of a three-dimensional complex Kochen-Specker configuration},
  author = {Andrei Khrennikov and Karl Svozil},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.17223},
  year   = {2026}
}

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9 pages, 1 table