Electrified Autonomous Freight Benefit analysis on Fleet, Infrastructure and Grid Leveraging Grid-Electrified Mobility (GEM) Model

This paper analyzes the potential benefit of heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) electrification and automation on fleet cost, infrastructure cost, grid, and environmental impact. In this work, we extended the vehicle electrification benefit analysis tool: Grid-Electrified Mobility (GEM) model, which had primarily been used to study light-duty passenger vehicles (LDVs), to analyze the heavy-duty vehicle electrification. The extended model is derived for freight transportation and key results and findings on the impact of freight electrification and automation are presented and discussed.