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Ehrenfest theorem in relativistic quantum theory

Quantum Physics 2022-06-01 v2

Abstract

Ehrenfest theorem is proven in relativistic quantum theory of charged particles, moving under the influence of an external electromagnetic field. In order to extend the classic Ehrenfest result to the relativistic domain we bypassed the problems with the relativistic position operator by deriving directly Newton's second law. Our approach is characterized by its universality. The detailed form of the wave equation is not needed. All that is required is the existence of the conserved electric four-current built from the particle wave function. The derivation is based on the conservation laws for the energy and momentum.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2111.10798,
  title  = {Ehrenfest theorem in relativistic quantum theory},
  author = {Iwo Bialynicki-Birula and Zofia Bialynicka-Birula},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.10798},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

Submitted to: Coherent Control: Photons, Atoms and Molecules The B W Shore Memorial Issue of the Journal of Physics B

R2 v1 2026-06-24T07:46:19.761Z