We experimentally demonstrate several electro-optical modulators based on transparent conducting oxides. Our previous work demonstrated the modulator structure on glass substrate with broadband bias polarity-dependent modulation. Further exploration shows similar modulation effect of the modulator on quartz and silicon substrate.
@article{arxiv.1502.00651,
title = {Efficient Electro-Optical Modulation Based on Indium Tin Oxide},
author = {Kaifeng Shi and Zhaolin Lu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.00651},
year = {2015}
}