We have studied the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of Co-implanted ZnO (0001) films grown on Al2O3 (1120) substrates for different implantation doses and over a wide temperature range. Strong room temperature ferromagnetism is observed with magnetic parameters depending on the cobalt implantation dose. A detailed analysis of the structural and magnetic properties indicates that there are two magnetic phases in Co-implanted ZnO films. One is a ferromagnetic phase due to the formation of long range ferromagnetic ordering between implanted magnetic cobalt ions in the ZnO layer, the second one is a superparamagnetic phase, which occurs due to the formation of metallic cobalt clusters in the Al2O3 substrate. Using x-ray resonant magnetic scattering, the element specific magnetization of cobalt, oxygen and Zn was investigated. Magnetic dichroism was observed at the Co L2,3 edges as well as at the O K edge. In addition, the anomalous Hall effect is also observed, supporting the intrinsic nature of ferromagnetism in Co-implanted ZnO films.
@article{arxiv.0807.4711,
title = {Dose dependence of ferromagnetism in Co-implanted ZnO},
author = {Numan Akdogan and Hartmut Zabel and Alexei Nefedov and Kurt Westerholt and Hans-Werner Becker and Safak Goek and Rustam Khaibullin and Lenar Tagirov},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0807.4711},
year = {2010}
}