English

Do massive neutron stars end as invisible dark energy objects?

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2016-05-03 v2

Abstract

Astronomical observations reveal a gap in the mass spectrum of relativistic objects: neither black holes nor neutron stars having masses in the range of 2 - 5\MSun\,\MSun have ever been observed. Based on the solution of the TOV equation modified to include a universal scalar field H,\cal{H}, we argue that all moderate and massive neutron stars should end invisible dark energy objects (DEOs). Triggered by the H\cal{H}-baryonic matter interaction, a phase transition from normal compressible nuclear matter into an incompressible quark-superfluid is shown to occur at roughly 33 times the nuclear density. At the transition front, the scalar field is set to inject energy at the maximum possible rate via a non-local interaction potential Vϕ=a0r2+b0.V_\phi = a_0 r^2 + b_0. This energy creates a global confining bag, inside which a sea of freely moving quarks is formed in line with the asymptotic freedom of quantum chromodynamics. The transition front, rf,r_f, creeps from inside-to-outside to reach the surface of the object on the scale of Gyrs or even shorter, depending on its initial compactness. Having rfr_f reached R,R_\star, then the total injected dark energy via VϕV_\phi turns NSs into invisible DEOs. While this may provide an explanation for the absence of stellar BHs with MBH5\MSunM_{BH}\leq 5 \MSun and NSs with MNS2\MSunM_{NS}\geq 2 \MSun, it also suggests that DEOs might have hidden connection to dark matter and dark energy in cosmology.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1604.07882,
  title  = {Do massive neutron stars end as invisible dark energy objects?},
  author = {A. A. Hujeirat},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.07882},
  year   = {2016}
}

Comments

8 pages, 9 figures, Research article

R2 v1 2026-06-22T13:41:47.602Z