Electric vehicle (EV) is a significant type of distributed energy resources (DERs), that provide flexibilities to grid operators to achieve a myriad of objectives. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling framework of EVs under multiple real-world demand response (DR) markets in California and provides combined strategies to maximize the revenues via unidirectional EV-Grid integrations (V1G). EV itinerary and usage information from a commercial demonstration site is utilized to model the EV flexibilities, based on which, we modeled the heterogeneous market rules using mixed-integer programming approaches. The system cost-saving performance is analyzed with respect to fleet properties and market constraints, including flexibility, participation threshold, and baseline calculaton, etc.
@article{arxiv.1804.02580,
title = {Comprehensive Modeling of Electric Vehicles in California Demand Response Markets},
author = {Bin Wang and Rongxin Yin and Doug Black},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02580},
year = {2018}
}