English

Completeness from Gravitational Scattering

High Energy Physics - Theory 2026-05-12 v2 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

Abstract

We prove that symmetry in the presence of gravity implies a version of the completeness hypothesis. For a broad class of theories, we demonstrate that the existence of finitely many charged particles logically necessitates the existence of infinitely many charged particles populating the entire charge lattice. Our conclusions follow from the consistency of perturbative gravitational scattering and require the following ingredients: 1) a weakly coupled ultraviolet completion of gravity, 2) a nonabelian symmetry GG, gauged or global, whose Cartan subgroup generates the abelian charge lattice, and 3) a spectrum containing some finite set of charged representations, in the simplest cases taken to be a single particle in the fundamental. Under these conditions, the abelian charge lattice is completely filled by single-particle states for G=SO(N)G=SO(N) with N5N\geq 5 and G=SU(N)G=SU(N) with N3N\geq 3, which in turn implies completeness for other symmetry groups such as Spin(N)Spin(N), Sp(N)Sp(N), and E8E_8. Curiously, a corollary of our results is that the SU(5)SU(5) and SO(10)SO(10) grand unified theories have precisely the minimal field content needed to derive completeness using our methodology.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.11955,
  title  = {Completeness from Gravitational Scattering},
  author = {Francesco Calisto and Clifford Cheung and Grant N. Remmen and Francesco Sciotti and Michele Tarquini},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.11955},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

17 pages, 5 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:22:51.317Z