Gauge theories from scattering amplitudes with minimal assumptions
Abstract
We revisit the emergence of a Yang-Mills symmetry in theories with massless spin 1 particles from fundamental physical properties of scattering amplitudes. In the standard proofs, some symmetry and reality properties of the coupling constants in three-point amplitudes are assumed. These properties cannot be justified using only three-point amplitudes but we show that they arise as consequences of the consistent factorization of four-particle amplitudes, for particular choices of the particle basis. This applies to self-interactions of massless spin 1 particles and also to their interactions with spin 0 and 1/2 particles. CP invariance is a derived property, not an additional assumption. The situation for gravity interactions is analogous and it is dealt with in the same fashion.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.21664,
title = {Gauge theories from scattering amplitudes with minimal assumptions},
author = {Renato M. Fonseca and Clara Hernandez-Garcia and Javier M. Lizana and Manuel Perez-Victoria},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.21664},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Minor corrections, 22 pages