We characterize the magnetic ground state of the newly synthesized lanthanide intermetallic GdNiSn4 via resonant elastic x-ray scattering measurements. This compound forms distorted square nets of Gd that initially order magnetically below 23 K followed by a lower temperature transition at 16 K. Our scattering data identify the ground state order as a single-q incommensurate, collinear order that slides towards a commensurate wave vector above the 16 K transition. Magnetic symmetry analysis combined with azimuthal dependence resolves the ground state magnetic structure as a moment-modulated spin density wave state with Gd moments oriented parallel to the in-plane a-axis. We discuss connections between the observed magnetic order and electronic properties in this square-net compound.
@article{arxiv.2603.08524,
title = {Collinear spin density wave state in distorted square-lattice GdNiSn$_4$},
author = {Charles C. Tam and Sarah Schwarz and Xin Zhang and Sudipta Chatterjee and Scott B. Lee and Rebecca Scatena and Leslie M. Schoop and Stephen D. Wilson},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.08524},
year = {2026}
}