English

Capitalization and Punctuation Restoration: a Survey

Computation and Language 2021-11-23 v1

Abstract

Ensuring proper punctuation and letter casing is a key pre-processing step towards applying complex natural language processing algorithms. This is especially significant for textual sources where punctuation and casing are missing, such as the raw output of automatic speech recognition systems. Additionally, short text messages and micro-blogging platforms offer unreliable and often wrong punctuation and casing. This survey offers an overview of both historical and state-of-the-art techniques for restoring punctuation and correcting word casing. Furthermore, current challenges and research directions are highlighted.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2111.10746,
  title  = {Capitalization and Punctuation Restoration: a Survey},
  author = {Vasile Păiş and Dan Tufiş},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.10746},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

An improved version of this paper was published in Artificial Intelligence Review. This is the article version prior to any reviewer comments and improvements

R2 v1 2026-06-24T07:46:11.990Z