Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers via generic points in subshifts with specification
Abstract
We study the Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers in several numeration systems. Taking a dynamical point of view, we offer a unified treatment for continued fraction expansions and base expansions, and their various generalisations: generalised L\"uroth series expansions and -expansions. In fact, we consider subshifts over a countable alphabet generated by all possible expansions of numbers in . Then normal numbers correspond to generic points of shift-invariant measures. It turns out that for these subshifts the set of generic points for a shift-invariant probability measure is precisely at the third level of the Borel hierarchy (it is a -complete set, meaning that it is a countable intersection of -sets, but it is not possible to write it as a countable union of -sets). We also solve a problem of Sharkovsky--Sivak on the Borel complexity of the basin of statistical attraction. The crucial dynamical feature we need is a feeble form of specification. All expansions named above generate subshifts with this property. Hence the sets of normal numbers under consideration are -complete.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.1811.04450,
title = {Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers via generic points in subshifts with specification},
author = {Dylan Airey and Steve Jackson and Dominik Kwietniak and Bill Mance},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.04450},
year = {2020}
}
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