Related papers: Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers via gen…
We study the descriptive complexity of sets of points defined by placing restrictions on statistical behaviour of their orbits in dynamical systems on Polish spaces. A particular examples of such sets are the set of generic points of a…
In the present note we study the interrelations between the sets of so-called typical numbers and numbers that are normal in base two. Employing results by Nakai and Shiokawa, we exhibit examples of numbers that belong to one set but do not…
We show that normality for continued fractions expansions and normality for base-$b$ expansions are maximally logically separate. In particular, the set of numbers that are normal with respect to the continued fraction expansion but not…
We show that the set of absolutely normal numbers is $\mathbf \Pi^0_3$-complete in the Borel hierarchy of subsets of real numbers. Similarly, the set of absolutely normal numbers is $\Pi^0_3$-complete in the effective Borel hierarchy.
Let $b\ge 2$ be an integer. We show that the set of real numbers that are Poisson generic in base $b$ is $\boldsymbol{\Pi}^0_3$-complete in the Borel hierarchy of subsets of the real line. Furthermore, the set of real numbers that are Borel…
In this paper, we consider recurrence sequences $x_n=\xi_1 \alpha_1^n+\xi_2 \alpha_2^n$ ($n=0,1,\ldots$) with companion polynomial $P(X)$. For example, the sequence $x_n=\xi_1(4+\sqrt{2})^n+\xi_2(4-\sqrt{2})^n$ satisfies the recurrence…
After a short review of the historical milestones on normal numbers, we introduce the Borel numbers as the reals admitting a probability function on their different bases representations. In this setting, we provide two probabilistic…
A new notion of typicality for arbitrary probability measures on standard Borel spaces is proposed, which encompasses the classical notions of weak and strong typicality as special cases. Useful lemmas about strong typical sets, including…
We use the notion of Borel generators to give alternative methods for computing standard invariants, such as associated primes, Hilbert series, and Betti numbers, of Borel ideals. Because there are generally few Borel generators relative to…
Normal numbers were introduced by Borel and later proven to be a weak notion of algorithmic randomness. We introduce here a natural relativization of normality based on generalized number representation systems. We explore the concepts of…
For $N \geq 2$, we study the structure of definable abelian group extensions of the additive group $(\mathbb{R}^N,+)$ by countable abelian (Borel) groups $G$. Given an extension $H$ of $(\mathbb{R}^N,+)$ by $G$, we measure the definability…
Let $X$ be an uncountable Polish space and let $\mathcal{I}$ be an ideal on $\omega$. A point $\eta \in X$ is an $\mathcal{I}$-limit point of a sequence $(x_n)$ taking values in $X$ if there exists a subsequence $(x_{k_n})$ convergent to…
We relate the computational complexity of finite strings to universal representations of their underlying symmetries. First, Boolean functions are classified using the universal covering topologies of the circuits which enumerate them. A…
We give metric theorems for the property of Borel normality for real numbers under the assumption of digit dependencies in their expansion in a given integer base. We quantify precisely how much digit dependence can be allowed such that,…
This paper proposes a new notion of typical sequences on a wide class of abstract alphabets (so-called standard Borel spaces), which is based on approximations of memoryless sources by empirical distributions uniformly over a class of…
In the present paper we extend Champernowne's construction of normal numbers to provide sequences which are generic for a given invariant probability measure, which need not be the maximal one. We present a construction together with…
Defined by Borel, a real number is normal to an integer base $b$, greater than or equal to $2$, if in its base-$b$ expansion every block of digits occurs with the same limiting frequency as every other block of the same length. We consider…
We consider the problem of when a symbolic dynamical system supports a Borel probability measure that is invariant under every element of its automorphism group. It follows readily from a classical result of Parry that the full shift on…
We investigate the geography of Hilbert schemes parametrizing closed subschemes of projective space with specified Hilbert polynomials. We classify Hilbert schemes with unique Borel-fixed points via combinatorial expressions for their…
We study the complexity of the isomorphism relation for various classes of closed subgroups of the group of permutations of the natural numbers. We use the setting of Borel reducibility between equivalence relations on Polish spaces. For…