English

Bijective recurrences concerning two Schr\"oder triangles

Combinatorics 2019-08-13 v1 Discrete Mathematics

Abstract

Let r(n,k)r(n,k) (resp. s(n,k)s(n,k)) be the number of Schr\"oder paths (resp. little Schr\"oder paths) of length 2n2n with kk hills, and set r(0,0)=s(0,0)=1r(0,0)=s(0,0)=1. We bijectively establish the following recurrence relations: \begin{align*} r(n,0)&=\sum\limits_{j=0}^{n-1}2^{j}r(n-1,j), r(n,k)&=r(n-1,k-1)+\sum\limits_{j=k}^{n-1}2^{j-k}r(n-1,j),\quad 1\le k\le n, s(n,0) &=\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n-1}2\cdot3^{j-1}s(n-1,j), s(n,k) &=s(n-1,k-1)+\sum\limits_{j=k+1}^{n-1}2\cdot3^{j-k-1}s(n-1,j),\quad 1\le k\le n. \end{align*} The infinite lower triangular matrices [r(n,k)]n,k0[r(n,k)]_{n,k\ge 0} and [s(n,k)]n,k0[s(n,k)]_{n,k\ge 0}, whose row sums produce the large and little Schr\"oder numbers respectively, are two Riordan arrays of Bell type. Hence the above recurrences can also be deduced from their AA- and ZZ-sequences characterizations. On the other hand, it is well-known that the large Schr\"oder numbers also enumerate separable permutations. This propelled us to reveal the connection with a lesser-known permutation statistic, called initial ascending run, whose distribution on separable permutations is shown to be given by [r(n,k)]n,k0[r(n,k)]_{n,k\ge 0} as well.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1908.03912,
  title  = {Bijective recurrences concerning two Schr\"oder triangles},
  author = {Shishuo Fu and Yaling Wang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.03912},
  year   = {2019}
}

Comments

20 pages, 6 figures and 2 tables

R2 v1 2026-06-23T10:44:40.760Z