English

Bijective proofs for Eulerian numbers of types B and D

Logic in Computer Science 2024-02-14 v4 Logic

Abstract

Let \matrixn\crk\Bigl\langle\matrix{n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle, \matrixBn\crk\Bigl\langle\matrix{B_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle, and \matrixDn\crk\Bigl\langle\matrix{D_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle be the Eulerian numbers in the types A, B, and D, respectively -- that is, the number of permutations of n elements with kk descents, the number of signed permutations (of nn elements) with kk type B descents, the number of even signed permutations (of nn elements) with kk type D descents. Let Sn(t)=k=0n1\matrixn\crktkS_n(t) = \sum_{k = 0}^{n-1} \Bigl\langle\matrix{n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k, Bn(t)=k=0n\matrixBn\crktkB_n(t) = \sum_{k = 0}^n \Bigl\langle\matrix{B_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k, and Dn(t)=k=0n\matrixDn\crktkD_n(t) = \sum_{k = 0}^n \Bigl\langle\matrix{D_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k. We give bijective proofs of the identity Bn(t2)=(1+t)n+1Sn(t)2ntSn(t2)B_n(t^2) = (1 + t)^{n+1}S_n(t) - 2^n tS_n(t^2) and of Stembridge's identity Dn(t)=Bn(t)n2n1tSn1(t).D_n(t) = B_n(t) - n2^{n-1}tS_{n-1}(t). These bijective proofs rely on a representation of signed permutations as paths. Using this representation we also establish a bijective correspondence between even signed permutations and pairs (w,E)(w, E) with ([n],E)([n], E) a threshold graph and ww a degree ordering of ([n],E)([n], E), which we use to obtain bijective proofs of enumerative results for threshold graphs.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2104.12445,
  title  = {Bijective proofs for Eulerian numbers of types B and D},
  author = {Luigi Santocanale},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.12445},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, 2023

R2 v1 2026-06-24T01:30:56.773Z