English

Biases among Congruence Classes for Parts in k-regular Partitions

Combinatorics 2022-07-12 v1 Number Theory

Abstract

For integers k,t2k,t \geq 2 and 1rt1\leq r \leq t let Dk(r,t;n)D_k(r,t;n) be the number of parts among all kk-regular partitions (i.e., partitions of nn where all parts have multiplicity less than kk) of nn that are congruent to rr modulo tt. Using the circle method, we obtain the asymptotic Dk(r,t;n)=314eπ2Kn3πt234K14n14k(logk+(3Klogk86πtπ(k1)K1226(rt12))n12+O(n1)), D_{k}(r,t;n) = \frac{3^{\frac{1}{4}}e^{\pi\sqrt{\frac{2Kn}{3}}}}{\pi t 2^{\frac{3}{4}}K^{\frac{1}{4}}n^{\frac{1}{4}}\sqrt{k}}\left(\log k + \left(\frac{3\sqrt{K}\log k}{8\sqrt{6}\pi} - \frac{t\pi(k-1)K^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2\sqrt{6}}\left(\frac{r}{t}- \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)n^{-\frac{1}{2}} + O(n^{-1})\right), where K=11kK = 1 - \frac{1}{k}. The main term of this asymptotic does not depend on rr, and so if Pk(n)P_k(n) is the total number of parts among all kk-regular partitions of nn, we have that Dk(r,t;n)Pk(n)1t\frac{D_k(r,t;n)}{P_k(n)} \to \frac{1}{t} as nn \to \infty. Thus, in a weak asymptotic sense, the parts are equidistributed among congruence classes. However, inspection of the lower order terms indicates a bias towards the lower congruence classes; that is, for 1r<st1\leq r < s \leq t we have Dk(r,t;n)Dk(s,t;n)D_k(r,t;n) \geq D_k(s,t;n) for sufficiently large nn. We make this inequality explicit, showing that for 3k103 \leq k \leq 10 and 2t102 \leq t \leq 10 the inequality Dk(r,t;n)Dk(s,t;n)D_k(r,t;n) \geq D_k(s,t;n) holds for all n1n \geq 1 and the strict inequality Dk(r,t;n)>Dk(s,t;n)D_k(r,t;n) > D_k(s,t;n) holds for all n17n \geq 17.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2207.04352,
  title  = {Biases among Congruence Classes for Parts in k-regular Partitions},
  author = {Faye Jackson and Misheel Otgonbayar},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.04352},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

25 pages, 3 figures