English

Balanced Stick Breaking

Combinatorics 2025-11-19 v1

Abstract

Consider an infinite sequence (xk)k=1(x_k)_{k=1}^{\infty} on the unit circle S1\mathbb{S}^1. We may interpret the first nn elements (xk)k=1n(x_k)_{k=1}^{n} as places where the `circular stick' S1\mathbb{S}^1 is broken into a total of n+1n+1 pieces. It is clear that they cannot all be the same length all the time. de Bruijn and Erd\H{o}s (1949) show that the ratio of the largest to the smallest has to be arbitrarily close to 2 infinitely many times which is sharp. They also consider the problem of balancing the length of rr consecutive intervals and prove max\mboxlengthof r \mboxconsecutiveintervalsmin\mboxlengthof r \mboxconsecutiveintervals1+1r. \frac{\max \mbox{length of}~r~\mbox{consecutive intervals}}{\min \mbox{length of}~r~\mbox{consecutive intervals}} \geq 1 + \frac{1}{r}. We prove that this ratio can be as small as 1+clogr/r1 + c \log{r}/ r. This is done by means of refined discrepancy estimates for the van der Corput sequence over very short intervals and proves a conjecture of Brethouwer.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2511.14637,
  title  = {Balanced Stick Breaking},
  author = {François Clément and Stefan Steinerberger},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.14637},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T07:43:40.559Z