Atiyah duality for motivic spectra

We prove that Atiyah duality holds in the $\infty$-category of non-$\mathbb A^1$-invariant motivic spectra over arbitrary derived schemes: every smooth projective scheme is dualizable with dual given by the Thom spectrum of its negative tangent bundle. The Gysin maps recently constructed by L. Tang are a key ingredient in the proof. We then present several applications. First, we study $\mathbb A^1$-colocalization, which transforms any module over the $\mathbb A^1$-invariant sphere into an $\mathbb A^1$-invariant motivic spectrum without changing its values on smooth projective schemes. This can be applied to all known $p$-adic cohomology theories and gives a new elementary approach to "logarithmic" or "tame" cohomology theories; it recovers for instance the logarithmic crystalline cohomology of strict normal crossings compactifications over perfect fields and shows that the latter is independent of the choice of compactification. Second, we prove a motivic Landweber exact functor theorem, associating a motivic spectrum to any graded formal group law classified by a flat map to the moduli stack of formal groups. Using this theorem, we compute the ring of $\mathbb P^1$-stable cohomology operations on the algebraic K-theory of qcqs derived schemes, and we prove that rational motivic cohomology is an idempotent motivic spectrum.