Motivic cohomology of equicharacteristic schemes

We construct a theory of motivic cohomology for quasi-compact, quasi-separated schemes of equal characteristic, which is related to non-connective algebraic $K$-theory via an Atiyah--Hirzebruch spectral sequence, and to \'etale cohomology in the range predicted by Beilinson and Lichtenbaum. On smooth varieties over a field our theory recovers classical motivic cohomology, defined for example via Bloch's cycle complex. Our construction uses trace methods and (topological) cyclic homology. As predicted by the behaviour of algebraic $K$-theory, the motivic cohomology is in general sensitive to singularities, including non-reduced structure, and is not $\mathbb{A}^1$-invariant. It nevertheless has good geometric properties, satisfying for example the projective bundle formula and pro cdh descent. Further properties of the theory include a Nesterenko--Suslin comparison isomorphism to Milnor $K$-theory, and a vanishing range which simultaneously refines Weibel's conjecture about negative $K$-theory and a vanishing result of Soul\'e for the Adams eigenspaces of higher algebraic $K$-groups. We also explore the relation of the theory to algebraic cycles, showing in particular that the Levine--Weibel Chow group of zero cycles on a surface arises as a motivic cohomology group.