English

Are monochromatic Pythagorean triples unavoidable under morphic colorings ?

Combinatorics 2021-08-19 v2 Discrete Mathematics Number Theory

Abstract

A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers a, b, c \in N+{}^{+} satisfying a2{}^2 + b2{}^2 = c2{}^2. Is it true that, for any finite coloring of N+{}^{+} , at least one Pythagorean triple must be monochromatic? In other words, is the Dio-phantine equation X2{}^2+ Y2{}^2 = Z2{}^2 regular? This problem, recently solved for 2-colorings by massive SAT computations [Heule et al., 2016], remains widely open for k-colorings with k \ge 3. In this paper, we introduce morphic colorings of N + , which are special colorings in finite groups with partly multiplicative properties. We show that, for many morphic colorings in 2 and 3 colors, monochromatic Pythagorean triples are unavoidable in rather small integer intervals.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1605.00859,
  title  = {Are monochromatic Pythagorean triples unavoidable under morphic colorings ?},
  author = {S Eliahou and J Fromentin and V Marion-Poty and D Robilliard},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.00859},
  year   = {2021}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-22T13:52:05.119Z