Anharmonic phonon coupling enabled by local inversion symmetry breaking at domain walls in ferroelastics

In ferroelastic materials, spontaneous symmetry breaking leads to the formation of twin domains. Although the bulk crystal typically remains centrosymmetric, inversion symmetry can be locally broken at the domain walls, potentially changing phonon selection rules and enabling local anharmonic phonon coupling. Here we report direct evidence of such anharmonic coupling in ferroelastic LaAlO$_3$ using two-dimensional Raman-terahertz spectroscopy. We attribute the cross-peaks observed in the two-dimensional spectra to both mechanical and electrical anharmonicity between the $A_{1g}$ Raman-active phonon and the $E_g$ phonon, which acquires finite infrared activity through local inversion symmetry breaking at ferroelastic domain walls. These findings provide new insight into the complex lattice dynamics of ferroelastic materials and highlight the potential of two-dimensional Raman-terahertz spectroscopy to uncover subtle symmetry breaking through the detection of intrinsically weak anharmonic signals.