English

A probabilistic approach to enumeration of Gessel walks

Combinatorics 2009-03-03 v1

Abstract

We consider Gessel walks in the plane starting at the origin (0,0)(0, 0) remaining in the first quadrant i,j0i, j \geq 0 and made of West, North-East, East and South-West steps. Let F(m;n1,n2)F(m; n_1, n_2) denote the number of these walks with exact mm steps ending at the point (n1,n2)(n_1, n_2), Petkov\v{s}ek and Wilf posed several analogous conjectures similar to the famous Gessel's conjecture. We establish a probabilistic model of Gessel walks which is concerned with the problem of vicious walkers. This model helps us to obtain the linear homogeneous recurrence relations with binomial coefficients for both F(n+k+r;n+kr,n)F(n+k+r;n+k-r,n) and F(n+2k;n,0)F(n+2k; n, 0). Precisely, n!k!(n+k+1)!(2n+2)!F(2n+2k;0,n)\frac{n! k! (n+k+1)!}{(2n+2)!} F(2n+2k;0,n) is a polynomial with all integer coefficients which leading term is 23k2n2k22^{3k-2} n^{2k-2}, and k!(k+1)!n+1F(n+2k;n,0)\frac{k! (k+1)!}{n+1} F(n+2k;n,0) is a polynomial with all integer coefficients which leading term is n2k1n^{2k-1}. Hence two conjectures of Petkov\v{s}ek and Wilf are solved.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.0903.0277,
  title  = {A probabilistic approach to enumeration of Gessel walks},
  author = {Sun Ping},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0903.0277},
  year   = {2009}
}

Comments

14 pages, 2 figures