A Closer Look at $R_D$ and $R_{D^\ast}$

The measurement of $R_D$ ($R_{D^*}$), the ratio of the branching fraction of $\overline{B} \to D \tau \bar{\nu}_\tau (\overline{B} \to D^* \tau \bar{\nu}_\tau)$ to that of $\overline{B} \to D l \bar{\nu}_l (\overline{B} \to D^* l \bar{\nu}_l)$, shows $1.9 \sigma$ $(3.3 \sigma)$ deviation from its Standard Model (SM) prediction. The combined deviation is at the level of $4 \sigma$ according to the Heavy Flavour Averaging Group (HFAG). We perform an effective field theory analysis (at the dimension 6 level) of these potential New Physics (NP) signals assuming $SU(3)_{C} \times SU(2)_{L} \times U(1)_{Y}$ gauge invariance. We first show that, in general, $R_D$ and $R_{D^*}$ are theoretically independent observables and hence, their theoretical predictions are not correlated. We identify the operators that can explain the experimental measurements of $R_D$ and $R_{D^*}$ individually and also together. Motivated by the recent measurement of the $\tau$ polarisation in $\overline{B} \to D^* \tau \bar{\nu}_\tau$ decay, $P_\tau^{D^*}$ by the {\sc Belle} collaboration, we study the impact of a more precise measurement of $P_\tau^{D^*}$ (and a measurement of $P_\tau^D$) on the various possible NP explanations. Furthermore, we show that the measurement of $R_{D^*}$ in bins of $q^2$, the square of the invariant mass of the lepton neutrino system, along with the information on $\tau$ polarisation, can completely distinguish the various operator structures.