English

A $3\times 3$ singular solution to the Matrix Bochner Problem with $\mathcal{D}(W)$ not of the form $\mathbb{C}[D]$

Classical Analysis and ODEs 2025-11-10 v2

Abstract

The Matrix Bochner Problem aims to classify weight matrices whose sequences of orthogonal polynomials are eigenfunctions of a second-order differential operator. A major breakthrough in this direction was achieved in [7], where it was shown that, under certain natural conditions on the algebra D(W)\mathcal{D}(W), all solutions arise from Darboux transformations of direct sums of classical scalar weights. In this paper, we study a new 3×33 \times 3 Hermite-type weight matrix and determine its algebra D(W)\mathcal{D}(W) as a C[D1]\mathbb{C}[D_1]-module generated by {I,D2}\{I, D_2\}, where D1D_{1} and D2D_{2} are second-order differential operators. This complete description of the algebra allows us to prove that the weight does not arise from a Darboux transformation of classical scalar weights, showing that it falls outside the classification theorem of [7]. Unlike previous examples in [3,4], which also do not fit within this classification, the algebra D(W)\mathcal{D}(W) of this weight matrix is not generated by a single differential operator DD, making it a fundamentally different case. These results complement the classification theorem of the Matrix Bochner Problem by providing a new type of singular example.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.22833,
  title  = {A $3\times 3$ singular solution to the Matrix Bochner Problem with $\mathcal{D}(W)$ not of the form $\mathbb{C}[D]$},
  author = {Ignacio Bono Parisi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.22833},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

13 pages. All comments are welcome