Why Does Classical Turbulence Obey an Area Law?
Abstract
In incompressible flow the viscous force is solenoidal, whereas the Madelung transform of a spinless Schr\"odinger equation produces only gradient forces. The two are orthogonal, so viscosity cannot arise from Hamiltonian quantum mechanics alone; an open quantum treatment is required. Reducing the -body density matrix to its one-body component and closing the dynamics via Born-Markov yields Lindblad jump operators with scattering rates, which we unravel via quantum state diffusion (QSD) into a norm-preserving stochastic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Dissipation and stochastic forcing are not separate ingredients: both come from the same Lindblad operators, and their amplitudes are locked by the QSD structure. The Madelung transform of this equation, under incompressibility, gives a stochastic Navier-Stokes equation whose viscosity is set by the mean free path and whose noise correlator satisfies the fluctuation-dissipation relation by construction, in agreement with the Landau-Lifshitz framework. The recovery is conditional: the viscous identification holds at the ensemble level via the vortex decomposition of the velocity field; the single-trajectory identification remains open. The zeros of the wavefunction carry quantised circulation; their codimension-2 topology yields the Migdal area law for circulation statistics under a Poisson assumption, here through a different mechanism than the loop-functional saddle point and verified numerically even in the quantum regime where the de~Broglie length exceeds the Kolmogorov scale.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.19173,
title = {Why Does Classical Turbulence Obey an Area Law?},
author = {Wael Itani},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.19173},
year = {2026}
}